Single-focus optical system and optical apparatus using the same

ABSTRACT

A single-focus optical system includes in order from an enlargement side, a first lens unit, and a second lens unit having a positive refractive power. A lens component is one of a single lens and a cemented lens. The first lens unit includes a reduction-side negative lens component closest to the reduction side, and in addition, the first lens unit includes not less than three negative lens components including the reduction-side negative lens component. The second lens unit includes in order from the enlargement side, a first positive lens, a second positive lens, a first negative lens, and a third positive lens, and all airspaces in the second lens unit are constant at a time of focusing.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

The present application is a continuation application of International Application No. PCT/JP2015/065798 filed on Jun. 1, 2015, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to a single-focus optical system and an optical apparatus using the same.

Description of the Related Art

As a type of an image forming optical system having a high imaging performance, a Gaussian type has been known. A Gaussian type optical system includes in order from an object side, an object-side unit having a positive refractive power and an image-side unit having a positive refractive power.

The object-side unit includes two to three positive lenses and one negative lens. This negative lens is cemented to the positive lens immediately before the negative lens in some cases. Moreover, the image-side unit includes one negative lens and two to three positive lenses. This negative lens also, is cemented to the positive lens immediately before the negative lens in some cases.

Moreover, in the Gaussian type optical system, a shape on the object side and a shape on an image side is, by and large, symmetrical about a central portion thereof, and moreover, the Gaussian type optical system has a concentric shape. In the concentric shape, a center of curvature of two lens surfaces in each lens is positioned near the central portion.

Accordingly, in the Gaussian type optical system, even with a large aperture ratio, each aberration is corrected favorably to some extent. However, when an attempt is made to realize an imaging performance superior to that of the conventional one, in the Gaussian type optical system, an angle of view slightly smaller than 50 degrees is the limit. When an attempt is made to realize the angle of view not smaller than 50 degrees in the Gaussian type optical system, in particular, correction of a spherical aberration and a coma becomes difficult. Moreover, in an optical system based on the Gaussian type, the optical system is susceptible to be large-sized.

On the other hand, from a viewpoint that an F-number is small, apart from the Gaussian type, Sonnar type and Ernostar type have been known as types of image forming optical system. Since a back focus is susceptible to become short in these types, adopting an optical system of these types is advantageous from a point of shortening an overall length of the optical system. However, these types have a drawback that it is not possible to widen the angle of view easily.

Various types of wide-angle taking lenses in which these issues are solved, have been proposed. In the wide-angle taking lens that has been proposed, an F-number is about 1.4. As examples of an optical system of wide-angle taking lens with a wide angle of view and a small F-number, optical systems disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-open Publication No. 2012-226309, Japanese Patent Application Laid-open Publication No. 2004-101880, Japanese Patent Application Laid-open Publication No. 2009-109723, Japanese Patent Application Laid-open Publication No. 2010-039340, Japanese Patent Application Laid-open Publication No. 2010-097207, and Japanese Patent Application Laid-open Publication No. 2011-059290 are known.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

A single-focus optical system according to the present invention which forms a conjugate relationship between a conjugate point on an enlargement side at a long distance and a conjugate point on a reduction side at a short distance, comprises in order from the enlargement side,

a first lens unit, and

a second lens unit having a positive refractive power, wherein

a lens component is one of a single lens and a cemented lens, and

the first lens unit includes a reduction-side negative lens component closest to the reduction side, and

in addition, the first lens unit includes not less than three negative lens components including the reduction-side negative lens component, and

the second lens unit includes in order from the enlargement side, a first positive lens, a second positive lens, a first negative lens, and a third positive lens, and

all air spaces in the second lens unit are constant at a time of focusing.

Moreover, an optical apparatus of the present invention comprises

an optical system, and

an image pickup element which is disposed on a reduction side, wherein

the image pickup element has an image pickup surface, and converts an image formed on the image pickup surface by the optical system to an electric signal, and

the optical system is the abovementioned single-focus optical system.

Moreover, another optical apparatus of the present invention comprises

an optical system, and

a display element which is disposed on a reduction side, wherein

the display element has a display surface, and

an image displayed on the display surface is projected on the enlargement side by the optical system, and

the optical system is the abovementioned single-focus optical system.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1A, and FIG. 1B, FIG. 1C, FIG. 1D, and FIG. 1E are a cross-sectional view and aberration diagrams respectively, of a single-focus optical system according to an example 1;

FIG. 2A, and FIG. 2B, FIG. 2C, FIG. 2D, and FIG. 2E are a cross-sectional view and aberration diagrams respectively, of a single-focus optical system according to an example 2;

FIG. 3A, and FIG. 3B, FIG. 3C, FIG. 3D, and FIG. 3E are a cross-sectional view and aberration diagrams respectively, of a single-focus optical system according to an example 3;

FIG. 4A, and FIG. 4B, FIG. 4C, FIG. 4D, and FIG. 4E are a cross-sectional view and aberration diagrams respectively, of a single-focus optical system according to an example 4;

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of an image pickup apparatus;

FIG. 6 is a front perspective view showing an appearance of the image pickup apparatus;

FIG. 7 is a rear perspective view of the image pickup apparatus;

FIG. 8 is a structural block diagram of an internal circuit of main components of the image pickup apparatus; and

FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of a projection apparatus.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Embodiments and examples of a single-focus optical system and an optical apparatus using the same will be described below in detail by referring to the accompanying diagrams. However, the present invention is not restricted to the embodiments and the examples described below. The single-focus optical system means an optical system having a single focal length.

A single-focus optical system of the present embodiment is a single-focus optical system which forms a conjugate relationship between a conjugate point on an enlargement side at a long distance and a conjugate point of a reduction side at a short distance, and includes in order from the enlargement side, a first lens unit, and a second lens unit having a positive refractive power. A lens component is one of a single lens and a cemented lens. The first lens unit includes a reduction-side negative lens component closest to the reduction side, and in addition, the first lens unit includes not less than three negative lens components including the reduction-side negative lens component. The second lens unit includes in order from the enlargement side, a first positive lens, a second positive lens, a first negative lens, and a third positive lens, and all air spaces in the second lens unit are constant at a time of focusing.

The single-focus optical system of the present embodiment is based on an Ernostar type optical system or a Sonnar type optical system, or an optical system of a type having an arrangement conforming to the Ernostar type optical system or the Sonnar type optical system, and has a high-performance afocal system with an angular magnification less than 1, added to an enlargement side of a lens system on which it is based. Since a preferable refractive power in the afocal system is to be roughly zero, the afocal system may have some positive refractive power or negative refractive power.

By making such arrangement, it is possible to correct particularly a spherical aberration, a coma, a longitudinal chromatic aberration, and a chromatic aberration of magnification extremely favorably. As a result, it is possible to realize a single-focus optical system having an imaging performance higher than an imaging performance by the conventional Gaussian type optical system. For instance, in a single-focus optical system, it is possible to secure an F-number smaller than 1.4, and an angle of view not smaller than 50°.

In this way, according to the single-focus optical system of the present embodiment, it is possible to provide a single-focus optical system which has an F-number smaller than 1.4 in a category of lenses from a standard lens to a wide-angle lens, and has an extremely high potential for aberration correction. Particularly, regarding the imaging performance, it is possible to have imaging performance of a level far superior to that of a conventional single-focus optical system for a 35mm film size.

Moreover, in the single-focus optical system of the present embodiment, it is preferable that the second positive lens and the first negative lens be cemented mutually.

By making such arrangement, it is possible to correct the longitudinal chromatic aberration and the chromatic aberration of magnification in a balanced manner.

Moreover, in the single-focus optical system of the present embodiment, it is preferable that the first lens unit include in order from the enlargement side, a first sub-unit and a second sub-unit, and the second sub-unit include only a negative lens component.

In an optical system having a large aperture ratio, the spherical aberration, the coma, and an astigmatism in particular, are strictly sought to be corrected favorably. Therefore, by making such arrangement, even when the spherical aberration, the coma, and the astigmatism have remained in the first sub-unit, it is possible to cancel in the second sub-unit almost all the aberrations remained. In this case, even when the second sub-unit includes a fewer number of lenses, it is possible to correct in the second sub-unit the aberration remained in the first sub-unit.

Or, when carrying out inner focusing is taken into consideration, it is possible to make a lens to be moved light-weight, by moving the negative lens component along the optical axis. As a result, a focusing with a high speed and extremely small aberration fluctuation also becomes possible.

Moreover, in the single-focus optical system of the present embodiment, it is preferable that the first lens unit include in order from the enlargement side, a first sub-unit and a second sub-unit, and the second sub-unit include only a negative lens component, and the second sub-unit include a negative lens component of a meniscus shape having a concave surface directed toward the reduction side.

In an optical system having a large aperture ratio, the spherical aberration, the coma, and an astigmatism in particular, are strictly sought to be corrected favorably. Therefore, by making such arrangement, even when the spherical aberration, the coma, and the astigmatism have remained in the first sub-unit, it is possible to cancel in the second sub-unit almost all the aberrations remained. In this case, even when the second sub-unit includes a fewer number of lenses, it is possible to correct in the second sub-unit the aberration remained in the first sub-unit.

Or, when carrying out inner focusing is taken into consideration, it is possible to make a lens to be moved light-weight, by moving the negative lens component along the optical axis. As a result, a focusing with a high speed and extremely small aberration fluctuation also becomes possible.

Furthermore, by letting the shape of the negative lens component in the second sub-unit to be the meniscus shape having a concave surface directed toward the reduction side, even in a case in which the aperture ratio is made further larger, or the angle of view is made further wider, it is possible to correct each aberration favorably.

Moreover, in the single-focus optical system of the present embodiment, it is preferable that the first lens unit include in order from the enlargement side, a first sub-unit and a second sub-unit, and the second sub-unit include only a negative lens component, and focusing be carried out by moving the second sub-unit on an optical axis.

In an optical system having a large aperture ratio, the spherical aberration, the coma, and an astigmatism in particular, are strictly sought to be corrected favorably. Therefore, by making such arrangement, even when the spherical aberration, the coma, and the astigmatism have remained in the first sub-unit, it is possible to cancel in the second sub-unit almost all the aberrations remained. In this case, even when the second sub-unit includes a fewer number of lenses, it is possible to correct in the second sub-unit the aberration remained in the first sub-unit.

Or, when carrying out inner focusing is taken into consideration, by moving the negative lens component along the optical axis, a focusing with extremely small aberration fluctuation becomes possible. Moreover, since it is possible to make the lens to be moved light-weight, it is possible to reduce a load on a drive mechanism. As a result, focusing with a high speed is possible.

Moreover, in the single-focus optical system of the present embodiment, it is preferable that the first lens unit include in order from the enlargement side, a first sub-unit and a second sub-unit, and the first sub-unit include a reduction-side positive lens component closest to the reduction side, and the second sub-unit include only a negative lens component.

By making such arrangement, even in a case in which the aperture ratio is made further larger, and the angle of view is widened further, it is possible to correct favorably the spherical aberration, the coma, the astigmatism, and a curvature of field, and in addition, the longitudinal chromatic aberration and the chromatic aberration of magnification, while securing an adequate back focus.

Moreover, in the single-focus optical system of the present embodiment, it is preferable that the first lens unit include in order from the enlargement side, a first sub-unit and the second sub-unit, and the second sub-unit include only a negative lens component, and at the time of focusing, a distance between the first sub-unit and the second sub-unit, and a distance between the second sub-unit and the second lens unit change.

In an optical system having a large aperture ratio, in particular, the spherical aberration, the coma, and the astigmatism are strictly sought to be corrected favorably. Therefore, by making such arrangement, a focusing with an extremely small aberration fluctuation is possible.

Moreover, in the single-focus optical system of the present embodiment, it is preferable that the first sub-unit and the second lens unit be fixed at the time of focusing.

By making such arrangement, it is possible to make small the number of lens units to be moved at the time of focusing, and focusing with an extremely small aberration fluctuation becomes possible.

Moreover, in the single-focus optical system of the present embodiment, it is preferable that the first lens unit include in order from the enlargement side, a first sub-unit and a second sub-unit, and the first sub-unit include an enlargement-side lens component closest to the enlargement side, and the enlargement-side lens component be a negative single lens, and the second sub-unit include only a negative lens component.

By making such arrangement, it is possible to prevent the first lens unit from becoming large-sized even when an angle is widened in the optical system.

Moreover, in the single-focus optical of the present embodiment, it is preferable that the first lens unit include in order from the enlargement side, a first sub-unit and a second sub-unit, and the first sub-unit include a cemented lens, and the cemented lens in the first sub-unit include in order from the enlargement side, a negative lens and a positive lens, and a shape of the cemented lens in the first sub-unit be a meniscus shape having a concave surface directed toward the enlargement side, and the second sub-unit include only a negative lens component.

By making such arrangement, it is possible to correct favorably, the spherical aberration, the coma, an astigmatism, and the curvature of field, and in addition, the longitudinal chromatic aberration and the chromatic aberration of magnification.

Moreover, in the single-focus optical system of the present embodiment, it is preferable that the first lens unit include in order from the enlargement side, a first sub-unit and a second sub-unit, and the first sub-unit include a cemented lens and a reduction-side lens component, and the cemented lens in the first sub-unit include in order from the enlargement side, a negative lens and a positive lens, and a shape of the cemented lens in the first sub-unit be a meniscus shape having a concave surface directed toward the enlargement side, and the reduction-side lens component be disposed adjacent to the cemented lens in the first sub-unit, on the enlargement side of the cemented lens in the first sub-unit, and a shape of the reduction-side lens component be a meniscus shape having a convex surface directed toward the enlargement side, and the second sub-unit include only a negative lens component.

By making such arrangement, even in a case in which the aperture ratio is made further larger, and the angle of view is widened further, it is possible to correct favorably the spherical aberration, the coma, the astigmatism, and a curvature of field, and in addition, the longitudinal chromatic aberration and the chromatic aberration of magnification.

Moreover, in the single-focus optical system of the present embodiment, it is preferable that the first lens unit include in order from the enlargement side, a first sub-unit and a second sub-unit, and the second sub-unit include only one negative lens component.

In an optical system having a large aperture ratio, the spherical aberration, the coma, and an astigmatism in particular, are strictly sought to be corrected favorably. Therefore, by making such arrangement, even when the spherical aberration, the coma, and the astigmatism have remained in the first sub-unit, it is possible to cancel in the second sub-unit almost all the aberrations remained. In this case, even when the second sub-unit includes a fewer number of lenses, it is possible to correct in the second sub-unit the aberration remained in the first sub-unit. As a result, it is possible to correct the spherical aberration, the coma, and the astigmatism in a balanced manner as a whole.

Or, when carrying out inner focusing is taken into consideration, by moving the second sub-unit along the optical axis, a focusing with extremely small aberration fluctuation becomes possible. Moreover, since it is possible to make the lens to be moved light-weight, it is possible to reduce a load on a drive mechanism. As a result, focusing with a high speed is possible.

Moreover, in the single-focus optical system of the present embodiment, it is preferable that the first lens unit include in order from the enlargement side, a first sub-unit and a second sub-unit, and the first sub-unit include in order from the enlargement side, a cemented lens, and a plurality of positive lens components, and the plurality of positive lens components include all positive lens components that are adjacent, and the cemented lens unit in the first sub-unit include in order from the enlargement side, a negative lens and a positive lens, and a shape of the cemented lens in the first sub-unit be a meniscus shape having a concave surface directed toward the enlargement side, and the second sub-unit include only a negative lens component.

By making such arrangement, even in a case in which the aperture ratio is made further larger, and the angle of view is widened further, it is possible to correct favorably the spherical aberration, the coma, the astigmatism, and a curvature of field, and in addition, the longitudinal chromatic aberration and the chromatic aberration of magnification, while securing an adequate back focus.

Moreover, in the single-focus optical system of the present embodiment, it is preferable that the following conditional expression (1) be satisfied: 0.75<SF₁₁<3.5  (1)

where,

SF₁₁=(R_(F11)+R_(R11))/(R_(F11)−R_(R11)), and here

R_(F11) denotes a radius of curvature of an enlargement-side surface of the enlargement-side lens component, and

R_(R11) denotes a radius of curvature of a reduction-side surface of the enlargement-side lens component.

By making so as not to exceed an upper limit value of conditional expression (1), in particular, correction of the astigmatism becomes easy. By making so as not to fall below a lower limit value of conditional expression (1), in particular, correction of a barrel distortion becomes easy.

Here, it is more preferable that the following conditional expression (1′) be satisfied instead of conditional expression (1). 0.85<SF₁₁<3.0  (1′)

Moreover, it is even more preferable that the following conditional expression (1″) be satisfied instead of conditional expression (1). 0.95<SF₁₁<2.7  (1″)

Moreover, it is preferable that the single-focus optical system of the present embodiment include a reduction-side lens component on the enlargement side of the cemented lens in the first sub-unit, and a shape of the reduction-side lens component be a meniscus shape having a convex surface directed toward the enlargement side, and the following conditional expression (2) be satisfied: 1.4<SF₁₂<15  (2)

where,

SF₁₂=(R_(F12)+R_(R12))/(R_(F12)−R_(R12)), and here

R_(F12) denotes a radius of curvature of an enlargement-side surface of the reduction-side lens component, and

R_(R12) denotes a radius of curvature of a reduction-side surface of the reduction-side lens component.

By making so as not to exceed either an upper limit value of conditional expression (2), or so as not to fall below a lower limit value of conditional expression (2), it becomes easy to correct the spherical aberration and the coma in a balanced manner even when the aperture ratio is made large as well as the angle of view is widened.

Here, it is more preferable that the following conditional expression (2′) be satisfied instead of conditional expression (2). 1.6<SF₁₂<10  (2′)

Moreover, it is even more preferable that the following conditional expression (2″) be satisfied instead of conditional expression (2). 1.8<SF₁₂<8.0  (2″)

Moreover, in the single-focus optical system of the present embodiment, it is preferable that the following conditional expression (3) be satisfied: −15<SF₁₃<−2.0  (3)

where,

SF₁₃=(R_(F13)+R_(R13))/(R_(F3)−R_(R13)), and here

R_(F13) denotes a radius of curvature of an enlargement-side surface of the cemented lens in the first sub-unit, and

R_(R13) denotes a radius of curvature of a reduction-side surface of the cemented lens in the first sub-unit.

By making so as not to exceed either an upper limit value of conditional expression (3), or so as not to fall below a lower limit value of conditional expression (3), it becomes easy to correct the spherical aberration and the coma in a balanced manner even when the aperture ratio is made large as well as the angle of view is widened.

Here, it is more preferable that the following conditional expression (3′) be satisfied instead of conditional expression (3). −12<SF₁₃<−2.5  (3′)

Moreover, it is even more preferable that the following conditional expression (3″) be satisfied instead of conditional expression (3). −10<SF₁₃<−3.0  (3″)

Moreover, in the single-focus optical system of the present embodiment, it is preferable that the plurality of positive lens components include a front-side positive lens component which is positioned closest to the enlargement side, and a rear-side positive lens component which is positioned closest to the reduction side, and the following conditional expression (4) be satisfied: 0.10<SF_(14−SF) ₁₅<7.0  (4)

where,

SF₁₄=(R_(F14)+R_(R14))/(R_(F14)−R_(R14)) , and

SF₁₅=(R_(F15)+R_(R15))/(R_(F15)−R_(R15)) , and here

R_(F14) denotes a radius of curvature of an enlargement-side surface of the front-side positive lens component,

R_(R14) denotes a radius of curvature of a reduction-side surface of the front-side positive lens component,

R_(F15) denotes a radius of curvature of an enlargement-side surface of the rear-side positive lens component, and

R_(R15) denotes a radius of curvature of a reduction-side surface of the rear-side positive lens component.

In the first lens unit, at positions where the plurality of positive lens components is disposed, a height of an axial light ray is high. Consequently, a shape of each lens component in the plurality of positive lens components has a close connection with the correction of the spherical aberration which has an effect on a sharpness of an overall image.

Moreover, an axial light beam is in a diverged state at the enlargement side of the plurality of positive lens components. In the plurality of positive lens components, for turning the diverged state to a converged state, it is preferable to arrange each positive lens component such that a shaping factor of each positive lens component assumes a negative direction from the enlargement side to the reduction side. Moreover, it is necessary that a difference in the shaping factor of the positive lens components positioned at two ends out of the plurality of positive lens components assumes an appropriate value.

By making so as not to exceed either an upper limit value of conditional expression (4), or so as not to fall below a lower limit value of conditional expression (4), the correction of the spherical aberration becomes easy even when the aperture ratio is made large as well as the angle of view is widened.

Here, it is more preferable that the following conditional expression (4′) be satisfied instead of conditional expression (4). 0.30<SF_(14−SF) ₁₅<6.0  (4′)

Moreover, it is even more preferable that the following conditional expression (4″) be satisfied instead of conditional expression (4). 0.45<SF_(14−SF) ₁₅<5.5  (4″)

Moreover, in the single-focus optical system of the present embodiment, it is preferable that the second sub-unit include only one negative lens component, and the following conditional expression (5) be satisfied: 0.80<SF₁₆<4.0  (5)

where,

SF₁₆=(R_(F16)+R_(R16))/(R_(F16)−R_(R16)) , and here

R_(F16) denotes a radius of curvature of an enlargement-side surface of the negative lens component in the second sub-unit, and

R_(R16) denotes a radius of curvature of a reduction-side surface of the negative lens component in the second sub-unit.

In a case of using the inner focusing, the fluctuation in aberration becomes a problem. In the inner focusing, when the second sub-unit is let to be a unit that moves on the optical axis, it is possible to minimize the fluctuation in aberration. Therefore, it is possible to carry out stable focusing. Furthermore, by satisfying conditional expression (5), it is possible to suppress adequately the fluctuation in aberration.

By making so as not to exceed an upper limit value of conditional expression (5), it is possible to suppress an increase in the fluctuation of astigmatism. By making so as not to fall below a lower limit value of conditional expression (5), it is possible to suppress the fluctuation in the spherical aberration.

Here, it is more preferable that the following conditional expression (5′) be satisfied instead of conditional expression (5). 0.85<SF₁₆<3.0  (5′)

Moreover, it is even more preferable that the following conditional expression (5″) be satisfied instead of conditional expression (5). 0.90<SF₁₆<2.5  (5″)

Moreover, in the single-focus optical system of the present embodiment, it is preferable that the first lens unit include in order from the enlargement side, a first sub-unit and a second sub-unit, and the first sub-unit include a reduction-side positive lens component closest to the reduction side, and the reduction-side positive lens component be a positive single lens, and the second sub-unit include only a negative lens component, and in a rectangular coordinate system in which a horizontal axis is let to be Nd_(1PR) and a vertical axis is let to be vd_(1PR), when a straight line represented by Nd_(1PR)=α×vd_(1PR)+β_(1PR), where, α=−0.01, Nd_(1PR) and vd_(1PR) for the reduction-side positive lens component be included in both of an area determined by a straight line when a lower limit value of a range of the following conditional expression (11) is β_(1PR)=2.25, and an area determined by the following conditional expressions (12) and (13): 2.25≤β_(1PR)  (11), 1.40<Nd_(1PR)  (12) , and 35<vd_(1PR)  (13)

where,

Nd_(1PR) denotes a refractive index of the reduction-side positive lens component, and

vd_(1PR) denotes Abbe number for the reduction-side positive lens component.

In the first sub-unit, at positions where the plurality of positive lens components is disposed, the height of the axial light ray is high. Consequently, in the plurality of positive lens components, particularly a chromatic aberration such as the longitudinal chromatic aberration and the spherical aberration is susceptible to occur.

The reduction-side lens component is disposed closest to the reduction side in the first sub-unit. This position is a position which is farthest away from the cemented lens in the first sub-unit.

For small-sizing and light-weighting of the first lens unit, it is preferable to include a single lens in the reduction-side positive lens component. However, at the position where the reduction-side positive lens component is disposed, the chromatic aberration is susceptible to occur as mentioned above. Therefore, in a case of including a single lens in the reduction-side positive lens component, an arrangement is to be made such that the refractive index and Abbe number for the reduction-side positive lens component is included in the area determined by conditional expressions (11), (12), and (13) . By making such arrangement, it is possible to suppress an occurrence of a chromatic aberration such as the longitudinal chromatic aberration and the spherical aberration.

Moreover, in the single-focus optical system of the present embodiment, it is preferable that the second sub-unit include one negative lens component, and the negative lens component in the second sub-unit be a single lens, and in a rectangular coordinate system in which a horizontal axis is let to be Nd_(1NR) and a vertical axis is let to be vd_(1NR), when a straight lien represented by Nd_(1NR)=α×vd_(1NR)+β_(1NR), where, α=−0.01, Nd_(1NR) and vd_(1NR) for the negative lens component in the second sub-unit be included in both of an area determined by a straight line when a lower limit value of a range of the following conditional expression (14) is β_(1NR)=2.15, and an area determined by the following conditional expressions (15) and (16): 2.15≤β_(1NR)  (14), 1.45<Nd_(1NR)  (15), and 25<v_(1NR) (16)

where,

Nd_(1NR) denotes a refractive index of the negative lens component in the second sub-unit, and vd_(1NR) denotes Abbe number for the negative lens component in the second sub-unit.

In a case of moving the second sub-unit at the time of focusing, the fluctuation in the chromatic aberration is desired to be small. An arrangement is to be made such that the refractive index and Abbe number for the negative lens component in the second sub-unit is included in an area determined by conditional expressions (14), (15), and (16). By making such arrangement, it is possible to suppress an occurrence of a chromatic aberration such as the longitudinal chromatic aberration, the chromatic aberration of magnification, the spherical aberration, or a chromatic coma.

Moreover, in the single-focus optical system of the present embodiment, it is preferable that the first lens unit include an enlargement-side lens component closest to the enlargement side, and the following conditional expression (A) be satisfied: 0<f/e _(N1F)<2  (A)

where,

f denotes the focal length of the overall single-focus optical system at the time of focusing to an object at infinity, and

e_(N1F) denotes a maximum effective aperture of the enlargement-side lens component in the first lens unit.

In a case of exceeding an upper limit value of conditional expression (A), it becomes difficult to widen the angle of view. In other words, when an attempt is made to widen the angle of view, the spherical aberration, the distortion, and the astigmatism are susceptible to occur. On the other hand, In a case of falling below a lower limit value of conditional expression (A), the optical system is susceptible to become large-sized in a radial direction.

Here, it is preferable that the following conditional expression (A′) be satisfied instead of conditional expression (A). 0.1<f/e _(N1F)<1.5  (A′)

Moreover, it is even more preferable that the following conditional expression (A″) be satisfied instead of conditional expression (A). 0.2<f/e _(N1F)<1  (A″)

Moreover, it is preferable that the single-focus optical system of the present embodiment include an aperture stop, and the following conditional expression (B) be satisfied: 0<(f/e _(AS))/Fno<2  (B)

where,

f denotes the focal length of the overall single-focus optical system at the time of focusing to an object at infinity,

e_(AS) denotes a maximum diameter of the aperture stop, and

Fno denotes an F-number for the overall single-focus optical system at the time of focusing to an object at infinity.

In a case of exceeding upper limit value of conditional expression (B), it becomes difficult to widen the angle of view. In other words, when an attempt is made to widen the angle of view, correction of the spherical aberration and the chromatic aberration becomes difficult. Whereas, In a case of falling below a lower limit value of conditional expression (B), the optical system is susceptible to become large-sized in the radial direction.

Here, it is more preferable that the following conditional expression (B′) be satisfied instead of conditional expression (B). 0.2<(f/e _(AS))/Fno<1  (B′) Moreover, it is more preferable that the following conditional expression (B″) be satisfied instead of conditional expression (B). 0.3<(f/e _(AS))/Fno<0.9  (B″)

Moreover, in the single-focus optical system of the present embodiment, it is preferable that the following conditional expression (C) be satisfied: 0<T _(air) _(_) _(max) /Σd≤0.27  (C)

where,

Tair_(air) _(_) _(max) is a largest axial air space in the range from a surface positioned closest to the enlargement side to a surface positioned closest to the reduction side in the single-focus optical system, and

Σd is an axial distance from the surface positioned closest to the enlargement side to the surface positioned closest to the reduction side in the single-focus optical system.

Conditional expression (C) is a conditional expression which is advantageous for securing a high optical performance, shortening the overall length of the optical system, and making small an outer diameter of the image forming optical system.

Widening appropriately an air space between the lenses leads to an improvement in an optical performance. However, securing an optical performance by widening excessively the air space between the lenses with respect to Σd, that is, the axial distance from the lens surface positioned closest to the enlargement side up to a lens surface positioned closest to the reduction side of the single-focus optical system, may lead to an increase in the overall length of the optical system and making an aperture of the optical system large.

Therefore, satisfying conditional expression (C) is advantageous for securing the number of lenses necessary for realizing a high optical performance while shortening the overall length of the optical system, and making the aperture small.

Here, it is more preferable that the following conditional expression (C′) be satisfied instead of conditional expression (C). 0.03<T _(air) _(_) _(max) /Σd≤0.2  (C′)

Moreover, it is even more preferable that the following conditional expression (C″) be satisfied instead of conditional expression (C). 0.07<T _(air) _(_) _(max) /Σd≤0.18  (C″)

Moreover, an optical apparatus of the present embodiment includes an optical system and an image pickup element which is disposed on a reduction side. The image pickup element has an image pickup surface, and converts an image formed on the image pickup surface by the optical system to an electric signal, and the optical system is the abovementioned single-focus optical system.

According to the optical apparatus of the present embodiment, it is possible to pick up an image with a wide photographing range, a low noise, and a high resolution.

Moreover, an optical apparatus of the present embodiment includes an optical system, and a display element which is disposed on the reduction side. The display element has a display surface, and an image displayed on the display surface is projected on the enlargement side by the optical system, and the optical system is the abovementioned single-focus optical system.

According to the optical apparatus of the present embodiment, it is possible to project an image with a wide projection range, a low noise, and a high resolution.

The abovementioned single-focus optical system and the optical apparatus may satisfy a plurality of arrangements simultaneously. Making such arrangement is preferable for achieving a favorable single-focus optical system and optical apparatus. Moreover, combinations of preferable arrangements are arbitrary. For each conditional expression, only the upper limit value or the lower limit value of a numerical range of a conditional expression further restricted, may be limited.

Examples of the single-focus optical system will be described below in detail by referring to the accompanying diagrams. However, the present invention is not restricted to the examples described below.

Examples 1 to 4 of the single-focus optical system will be described below by referring to the accompanying diagrams. Each of single-focus optical systems in examples 1 to 4 is a single-focus optical system with an F-number less than 1.5.

FIG. 1A, FIG. 2A, FIG. 3A, and FIG. 4A show lens cross-sectional views for the single-focus optical systems of the examples. The lens cross-sectional views are lens cross-sectional views at the time of focusing to an object at infinity.

FIG. 1B, FIG. 2B, FIG. 3B, and FIG. 4B show a spherical aberration (SA) in the single-focus optical systems of the examples.

FIG. 1C, FIG. 2C, FIG. 3C, and FIG. 4C show an astigmatism (AS) in the single-focus optical systems of the examples.

FIG. 1D, FIG. 2D, FIG. 3D, and FIG. 4D show a distortion (DT) in the single-focus optical systems of the examples.

FIG. 1E, FIG. 2E, FIG. 3E, and FIG. 4E show a chromatic aberration of magnification in the single-focus optical systems of the examples. Each aberration diagram is an aberration diagram at the time of focusing to an object at infinity. Moreover, ω denotes a half angle of view.

Moreover, in the lens cross-sectional view of each example, a first lens unit is denoted by G1, a second lens unit is denoted by G2, a cover glass is denoted by C, and an image plane is denoted by I.

Although it is not shown in the diagrams, a plane parallel plate which forms a low-pass filter may be disposed between the second lens unit G2 and the image plane I. A wavelength-region restricting coating which restricts infra-red rays may be applied to a surface of the plane parallel plate. Moreover, a multilayer film for wavelength-region restriction may be applied to a surface of the cover glass. Furthermore, the cover glass C may be imparted with an effect of a low-pass filter.

Moreover, in a case of using the single-focus optical system for image pickup, an image pickup element is disposed on the image plane I. Whereas, in a case of using the single-focus optical system for projection, a display element is disposed on the image plane I. In the description of an arrangement of each example, the description will be made assuming that the single-focus optical system is used for image pickup. Therefore, the enlargement side will be let to be an object side, and the reduction side will be let to be an image side.

A single-focus optical system according to an example 1 will be described below.

The single-focus optical system according to the example 1 includes in order from an object side, a first lens unit G1 having a positive refractive power and a second lens unit G2 having a positive refractive power. The first lens unit G1 includes an aperture stop S.

The first lens unit G1 includes a first sub-unit and a second sub-unit. The first sub-unit includes a negative meniscus lens L1 having a convex surface directed toward the object side, a negative meniscus lens L2 having a convex surface directed toward the object side, a biconvex positive lens L3, a biconcave negative lens L4, a biconcave negative lens L5, a biconvex positive lens L6, a biconvex positive lens L7, and a positive meniscus lens L8 having a convex surface directed toward the object side. The second sub-unit includes a negative meniscus lens L9 having a convex surface directed toward the object side. Here, the biconvex positive lens L3 and the biconcave negative lens L4 are cemented. The biconcave negative lens L5 and the biconvex positive lens L6 are cemented.

The second lens unit G2 includes a biconvex positive lens L10, a biconvex positive lens L11, a biconcave negative lens L12, and a positive meniscus lens L13 having a convex surface directed toward the object side. Here, the biconvex positive lens L11 and the biconcave negative lens L12 are cemented.

Moreover, at the time of focusing from an object at infinity to an object at a close distance, the negative meniscus lens L9 moves toward an image side along an optical axis.

An aspherical surface is provided to a total of four surfaces which are, both surfaces of the negative meniscus lens L2 and both surfaces of the negative meniscus les L9.

Next, a single-focus optical system according to an example 2 will be described below.

The single-focus optical system according to the example 5 includes in order from an object side, a first lens unit G1 having a positive refractive power and a second lens unit G2 having a positive refractive power. The first lens unit G1 includes an aperture stop S.

The first lens unit G1 includes a first sub-unit and a second sub-unit. The first sub-unit includes a negative meniscus lens L1 having a convex surface directed toward the object side, a negative meniscus lens L2 having a convex surface directed toward the object side, a biconvex positive lens L3, a biconcave negative lens L4, a biconcave negative lens L5, a biconvex positive lens L6, a biconvex positive lens L7, and a positive meniscus lens L8 having a convex surface directed toward the object side. The second sub-unit includes a negative meniscus lens L9 having a convex surface directed toward the object side. Here, the biconvex positive lens L3 and the biconcave negative lens L4 are cemented. Moreover, the biconcave negative lens L5 and the biconvex positive lens L6 are cemented.

The second lens unit G2 includes a biconvex positive lens L10, a biconvex positive lens L11, a biconcave negative lens L12, and a positive meniscus lens L13 having a convex surface directed toward the object side. Here, the biconvex positive lens L11 and the biconcave negative lens L12 are cemented.

Moreover, at the time of focusing from an object at infinity to an object at a close distance, the negative meniscus lens L9 moves toward an image side along an optical axis.

An aspherical surface is provided to a total of four surfaces which are, both surfaces of the negative meniscus lens L2 and both surfaces of the negative meniscus lens L9.

Next, a single-focus optical system according to an example 3 will be described below.

The single-focus optical system according to the example 6 includes in order from an object side, a first lens unit G1 having a positive refractive power and a second lens unit G2 having a positive refractive power. The first lens unit G1 includes an aperture stop S.

The first lens unit G1 includes a first sub-unit and a second sub-unit. The first sub-unit includes a negative meniscus lens L1 having a convex surface directed toward the object side, a negative meniscus lens L2 having a convex surface directed toward the object side, a biconvex positive lens L3, a biconcave negative lens L4, a biconcave negative lens L5, a biconvex positive lens L6, a biconvex positive lens L7, and a biconvex positive lens L8. The second sub-unit includes a negative meniscus lens L9 having a convex surface directed toward the object side. Here, the biconvex positive lens L3 and the biconcave negative lens L4 are cemented. Moreover, the biconcave negative lens L5 and the biconvex positive lens L6 are cemented.

The second lens unit G2 includes a biconvex positive lens L10, a biconvex positive lens L11, a biconcave negative lens L12, and a positive meniscus lens L13 having a convex surface directed toward the object side. Here, the biconvex positive lens L11 and the biconcave negative lens L12 are cemented.

Moreover, at the time of focusing from an object at infinity to an object at a close distance, the negative meniscus lens L9 moves toward an image side along an optical axis.

An aspherical surface is provided to a total of four surfaces which are, both surfaces of the negative meniscus lens L2 and both surfaces of the negative meniscus lens L9.

Next, a single-focus optical system according to an example 4 will be described below.

The single-focus optical system according to the example 4 includes in order from an object side, a first lens unit G1 having a positive refractive power and a second lens unit G2 having a positive refractive power. The first lens unit G1 includes an aperture stop S.

The first lens unit G1 includes a first sub-unit and a second sub-unit. The first sub-unit includes a negative meniscus lens L1 having a convex surface directed toward the object side, a positive meniscus lens L2 having a convex surface directed toward the object side, a positive meniscus lens L3 having a convex surface directed toward the object side, a negative meniscus lens L4 having a convex surface directed toward the object side, a biconcave negative lens L5, a biconvex positive lens L6, a biconvex positive lens L7, and a positive meniscus lens L8 having a convex surface directed toward the object side. The second sub-unit includes includes a negative meniscus lens L9 having a convex surface directed toward the object side. Here, the positive meniscus lens L3 and the negative meniscus lens L4 are cemented. Moreover, the biconcave negative lens L5 and the biconvex positive lens L6 are cemented.

The second lens unit G2 includes a positive meniscus lens L10 having a convex surface directed toward an image side, a biconvex positive lens L11, a biconcave negative lens L12, and a biconvex positive lens L13. Here, the biconvex positive lens L11 and the biconcave negative lens L12 are cemented.

Moreover, at the time of focusing from an object at infinity to an object at a close distance, the negative meniscus lens L9 moves toward the image side along an optical axis.

An aspherical surface is provided to both surfaces of the negative meniscus lens L9.

Next, numerical data of optical components configuring the single-focus optical system of each above example are shown. In numerical data of each example, r1, r2, . . . denotes a curvature radius of each lens surface, d1, d2, . . . denotes a thickness of each lens or an air distance between adjacent lens surfaces, nd1, nd2, . . . denotes a refractive index of each lens for d-line, v1, vd2, . . . denotes an Abbe number of each lens, * denotes an aspherical surface. Moreover, in various data, f denotes a focal length of an imaging optical system as a whole, FNO. denotes an F number, ω denotes a half angle of view, IH denotes an image height, FB denotes a back focus, LTL denotes a lens total length. The lens total length is the distance from the frontmost lens surface to the rearmost lens surface plus back focus. The back focus is a unit which is expressed upon air conversion of a distance from the lens backmost surface to a paraxial image surface. Moreover, the unit of angle is ° (degree). Moreover, Infinity indicates the time of focusing to an object at infinity and Close distance indicates the time of focusing to an object at a close distance.

A shape of an aspherical surface is defined by the following expression where the direction of the optical axis is represented by z, the direction orthogonal to the optical axis is represented by y, a conical coefficient is represented by K, aspherical surface coefficients are represented by A4, A6, A8, A10, Z=(y ² /r)/[1+{1−(1+k)(y/r)²}^(1/2) ]+A4y ⁴ +A6y ⁶ +A8y ⁸ +A10y ¹⁰

Further, in the aspherical surface coefficients, ‘e-n’ (where, n is an integral number) indicates ‘10^(−n)’. Moreover, these symbols are commonly used in the following numerical data for each example.

EXAMPLE 1

Unit mm Surface data Surface no. r d nd νd Object plane ∞ ∞  1 45.946 1.50 1.48749 70.23  2 14.406 9.15  3* 130.753 1.20 1.58313 59.38  4* 27.135 0.76  5 28.653 6.18 2.00069 25.46  6 −33.821 1.20 1.58144 40.75  7 20.407 5.07  8 −25.734 1.20 1.80518 25.42  9 25.000 6.18 1.69680 55.53 10 −35.122 0.20 11 63.389 5.66 1.72916 54.68 12 −31.891 0.70 13(Stop) ∞ 0.40 14 35.850 2.94 1.49700 81.61 15 244.348 Variable 16* 92.337 1.20 1.85400 40.39 17* 25.577 Variable 18 54.229 4.71 1.59522 67.74 19 −43.438 0.20 20 30.927 5.69 2.00100 29.13 21 −89.137 1.20 1.80518 25.42 22 18.359 1.76 23 36.962 2.79 1.72916 54.68 24 1389.522 11.49  25 ∞ 2.66 1.51633 64.14 26 ∞ 1.00 Image plane ∞ Aspherical surface data 3rd surface k = 0.000 A4 = −1.99067e−05, A6 = 6.32029e−09, A8 = −1.75482e−10 4th surface k = 0.000 A4 = −5.57900e−06, A6 = −7.59483e−09, A8 = −1.60555e−10 16th surface k = 0.000 A4 = −2.38100e−06, A6 = 4.81486e−09, A8 = −7.43803e−14 17th surface k = 0.000 A4 = 3.21789e−06, A6 = 3.58266e−09, A8 = 7.48716e−12 Various data f 17.27 FNO. 1.29 2ω 72.96 IH 11.15 FB(in air) 14.25 LTL(in air) 86.58 Infinity Close distance d15 2.62 6.20 d17 9.83 6.25 Unit focal length f1 = 132.31 f2 = 26.68

EXAMPLE 2

Unit mm Surface data Surface no. r d nd νd Object plane ∞ ∞  1 40.000 1.50 1.48749 70.23  2 14.959 10.01   3* 284.838 1.20 1.49700 81.61  4* 24.501 1.55  5 30.509 6.26 2.00069 25.46  6 −32.686 1.30 1.58144 40.75  7 22.918 4.80  8 −27.864 1.20 1.85478 24.80  9 25.040 6.47 1.69680 55.53 10 −34.741 0.20 11 55.767 5.17 1.72916 54.68 12 −35.759 0.20 13 36.555 3.19 1.43875 94.93 14 4229.057 0.62 15(Stop) ∞ Variable 16* 112.818 1.20 1.85400 40.39 17* 25.701 Variable 18 70.785 3.81 1.72916 54.68 19 −48.006 0.20 20 28.778 5.11 2.00100 29.13 21 −53.599 1.20 1.85478 24.80 22 18.702 1.95 23 38.612 2.63 1.72916 54.68 24 13210.087 11.35  25 ∞ 2.66 1.51633 64.14 26 ∞ 1.00 Image plane ∞ Aspherical surface data 3rd surface k = 0.000 A4 = −1.98270e−05, A6 = −1.62289e−08, A8 = −6.87416e−11 4th surface k = 0.000 A4 = −4.30732e−06, A6 = −4.24639e−08, A8 = −4.55491e−11 16th surface k = 0.000 A4 = −1.79188e−06, A6 = 1.11638e−10 17th surface k = 0.000 A4 = 3.97297e−06, A6 = −1.99307e−10 Various data f 17.27 FNO. 1.29 2ω 72.65 IH 11.15 FB(in air) 14.11 LTL(in air) 86.46 Infinity Close distance d15 3.41 6.92 d17 9.16 5.65 Unit focal length f1 = 145.14 f2 = 25.48

EXAMPLE 3

Unit mm Surface data Surface no. r d nd νd Object plane ∞ ∞  1 1822.498 1.50 1.48749 70.23  2 24.046 4.33  3* 104.293 1.20 1.49700 81.61  4* 85.426 0.40  5 33.165 6.73 2.00069 25.46  6 −41.379 1.20 1.58144 40.75  7 21.826 6.38  8 −26.782 1.20 1.85478 24.80  9 25.731 7.42 1.69680 55.53 10 −36.641 0.20 11 52.705 5.13 1.72916 54.68 12 −51.343 0.20 13 46.341 3.42 1.43875 94.93 14 −290.158 0.60 15(Stop) ∞ Variable 16* 70.509 1.20 1.74320 49.34 17* 24.442 Variable 18 466.560 3.82 1.72916 54.68 19 −36.184 0.20 20 22.789 5.31 2.00100 29.13 21 −224.725 1.20 1.85478 24.80 22 16.310 2.53 23 40.941 1.79 1.72916 54.68 24 84.296 11.94  25 ∞ 2.66 1.51633 64.14 26 ∞ 1.00 Image plane ∞ Aspherical surface data 3rd surface k = 0.000 A4 = −1.20042e−05, A6 = 2.38213e−09, A8 = −2.73467e−12 4th surface k = 0.000 A4 = −5.23359e−07, A6 = 7.45881e−09, A8 = 1.61344e−11 16th surface k = 0.000 A4 = −1.14003e−05, A6 = 1.53037e−08 17th surface k = 0.000 A4 = −7.07063e−06, A6 = 7.53398e−09 Various data f 24.59 FNO. 1.29 2ω 51.63 IH 11.15 FB(in air) 14.70 LTL(in air) 86.58 Infinity Close distance d15 3.40 9.24 d17 12.53 6.69 Unit focal length f1 = 119.93 f2 = 31.32

EXAMPLE 4

Unit mm Surface data Surface no. r d nd νd Object plane ∞ ∞  1 848.636 1.50 1.48749 70.23  2 26.057 1.34  3 30.008 4.14 2.00100 29.13  4 79.152 0.40  5 31.332 3.61 2.00069 25.46  6 72.289 1.50 1.58144 40.75  7 14.571 10.23   8 −26.712 1.50 1.85478 24.80  9 34.227 8.21 1.69680 55.53 10 −37.482 0.20 11 52.231 5.56 1.69680 55.53 12 −44.033 0.20 13 30.054 3.96 1.43875 94.93 14 169.005 1.03 15(Stop) ∞ Variable 16* 1643.120 1.20 1.74320 49.34 17* 24.933 Variable 18 −933.181 3.97 1.72916 54.68 19 −31.002 0.20 20 22.554 5.95 2.00100 29.13 21 −178.529 1.20 1.85478 24.80 22 17.042 2.82 23 59.139 2.97 1.72916 54.68 24 −698.477 11.56  25 ∞ 2.66 1.51633 64.14 26 ∞ 1.00 Image plane ∞ Aspherical surface data 16th surface k = 0.000 A4 = −1.06473e−05, A6 = 2.88989e−08, A8 = −8.90399e−12 17th surface k = 0.000 A4 = −2.82395e−06, A6 = 9.74767e−09, A8 = 1.85663e−12 Various data f 25.77 FNO. 1.29 2ω 48.87 IH 11.15 FB(in air) 14.31 LTL(in air) 88.04 Infinity Close distance d15 2.90 7.95 d17 9.15 4.10 Unit focal length f1 = 515.10 f2 = 25.80

Next, values of conditional expressions (1) to (5), (11) to (16), and (A) to (C) in each example are given below. ‘-’ (hyphen) indicates that there is no corresponding arrangement.

Conditional expression Example1 Example2 Example3 (1)SF₁₁ 1.913 2.195 1.027 (2)SF₁₂ 5.950 7.039 4.850 (3)SF₁₃ −6.483 −9.103 −6.433 (4)SF₁₄ − SF₁₅ 1.674 1.236 0.738 (5)SF₁₆ 1.766 1.590 2.061 (11)β_(1PR) 2.313 2.388 2.388 (12)Nd_(1PR) 1.497 1.43875 1.43875 (13)νd_(1PR) 81.61 94.93 94.93 (14)β_(1NR) 2.258 2.258 2.276 (15)Nd_(1NR) 1.854 1.854 1.72916 (16)νd_(1NR) 40.39 40.39 54.68 (A)f/e_(N1F) 0.5423631 0.5218127 0.7857366 (B)(f/e_(AS))/Fno 0.5729585 0.6086666 0.7636523 (C)T_(air) _(—) _(max)/Σd 0.1359051 0.1383453 0.1743081

Conditional expression Example4 (1)SF₁₁ 1.063 (2)SF₁₂ 2.739 (3)SF₁₃ −5.960 (4)SF₁₄ − SF₁₅ 1.518 (5)SF₁₆ 1.031 (11)β_(1PR) 2.388 (12)Nd_(1PR) 1.43875 (13)νd_(1PR) 94.93 (14)β_(1NR) 2.237 (15)Nd_(1NR) 1.7432 (16)νd_(1NR) 49.34 (A)f/e_(N1F) 0.7343145 (B)(f/e_(AS))/Fno 0.8667391 (C)T_(air) _(—) _(max)/Σd 0.1388118

The optical apparatus of the present embodiment includes an image pickup apparatus and a projection apparatus. Concrete examples of the image pickup apparatus and the projection apparatus will be described below.

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a single-lens mirrorless camera as an electronic image pickup apparatus. In FIG. 5, a photographic optical system 2 is disposed inside a lens barrel of a single-lens mirrorless camera 1. A mount portion 3 enables the photographic optical system 2 to be detachable from a body of the single-lens mirrorless camera 1. As the mount portion 3, a mount such as a screw-type mount and a bayonet-type mount is to be used. In this example, a bayonet-type mount is used. Moreover, an image pickup element surface 4 and a back monitor 5 are disposed in the body of the single-lens mirrorless camera 1. As an image pickup element, an element such as a small-size CCD (charge coupled device) or a CMOS (complementary metal-oxide semiconductor) is to be used.

Moreover, as the photographic optical system 2 of the single-lens mirrorless camera 1, the single-focus optical system described in any one of the examples from the first example to the fourth example is to be used.

FIG. 6 and FIG. 7 are conceptual diagrams of an arrangement of the image pickup apparatus. FIG. 6 is a front perspective view showing an appearance of a single-lens mirrorless camera 40 as the image pickup apparatus, and FIG. 7 is a rear perspective view of the single-lens mirrorless camera 40. The single-focus optical system according to the present examples from the first example to the fourth example is used in a photographic optical system 41 of the single-lens mirrorless camera 40.

The single-lens mirrorless camera40 according to the present embodiment includes the photographic optical system 41 which is positioned in a photographic optical path 42, a shutter button 45, and a liquid-crystal display monitor 47. As the shutter button 45 disposed on an upper portion of the single-lens mirrorless camera 40 is pressed, in conjunction with the pressing of the shutter button 45, photography is carried out by the photographic optical system 41 such as the single-focus optical system according to the first example. An object image which is formed by the photographic optical system is formed on an image pickup element (photoelectric conversion surface) which is provided near an image forming surface. The object image which has been received optically by the image pickup element is displayed on the liquid-crystal display monitor 47 which is provided to a rear surface of the camera, as an electronic image by a processing means. Moreover, it is possible to record the electronic image which has been photographed, in a storage means.

FIG. 8 is a structural block diagram of an internal circuit of main components of the single-lens mirrorless camera 40. In the following description, the processing means described above includes for instance, a CDS/ADC section 24, a temporary storage memory 117, and an image processing section 18, and a storage means consists of a storage medium section 19 for example.

As shown in FIG. 8, the single-lens mirrorless camera 40 includes an operating section 12, a control section 13 which is connected to the operating section 12, the temporary storage memory 17 and an imaging drive circuit 16 which are connected to a control-signal output port of the control section 13, via a bus 14 and a bus 15, the image processing section 18, the storage medium section 19, a display section 20, and a set-information storage memory section 21.

The temporary storage memory 17, the image processing section 18, the storage medium section 19, the display section 20, and the set-information storage memory section 21 are structured to be capable of mutually inputting and outputting data via a bus 22. Moreover, the CCD 49 and the CDS/ADC section 24 are connected to the imaging drive circuit 16.

The operating section 12 includes various input buttons and switches, and informs the control section 13 of event information which is input from outside (by a user of the single-lens mirrorless camera) via these input buttons and switches. The control section 13 is a central processing unit (CPU), and has a built-in computer program memory which is not shown in the diagram. The control section 13 controls the entire single-lens mirrorless camera 40 according to a computer program stored in this computer program memory.

The CCD 49 is driven and controlled by the imaging drive circuit 16, and which converts an amount of light for each pixel of the object image formed by the photographic optical system 41 to an electric signal, and outputs to the CDS/ADC section 24.

The CDS/ADC section 24 is a circuit which amplifies the electric signal which is input from the CCD 49, and carries out analog/digital conversion, and outputs to the temporary storage memory 17 image raw data (Bayer data, hereinafter called as ‘RAW data’) which is only amplified and converted to digital data.

The temporary storage memory 17 is a buffer which includes an SDRAM (Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory) for example, and is a memory device which stores temporarily the RAW data which is output from the CDS/ADC section 24. The image processing section 18 is a circuit which reads the RAW data stored in the temporary storage memory 17, or the RAW data stored in the storage medium section 19, and carries out electrically various image-processing including the distortion correction, based on image-quality parameters specified by the control section 13.

The storage medium section 19 is a recording medium in the form of a card or a stick including a flash memory for instance, detachably mounted. The storage medium section 19 records and maintains the RAW data transferred from the temporary storage memory 17 and image data subjected to image processing in the image processing section 18 in the card flash memory and the stick flash memory.

The display section 20 includes the liquid-crystal display monitor, and displays photographed RAW data, image data and operation menu on the liquid-crystal display monitor. The set-information storage memory section 21 includes a ROM section in which various image quality parameters are stored in advance, and a RAM section which stores image quality parameters which are selected by an input operation on the operating section 12, from among the image quality parameters which are read from the ROM section.

In the single-lens mirrorless camera 40 configured in such an arrangement, by adopting the single-focus optical system according to the present invention as the photographic optical system 41, it is possible to capture an image in a wide photography range with low noise at high resolution. Moreover, it is possible to use the single-focus optical system according to the present invention in an image pickup apparatus of a type having a quick-return mirror.

FIG. 9 is a sectional view of a projector as a projection apparatus. As illustrated in FIG. 9, a projector 100 includes a light source unit 110, an illumination unit 120, an image forming unit 130, and a projection unit 140.

The light source unit 110 includes a light source 111 and a reflective member 112. Illumination light is emitted from the light source 111. The illumination light is white light. The illumination light is reflected by the reflective member 112 and enters the illumination unit 120.

The illumination unit 120 includes a first dichroic mirror 121, a second dichroic mirror 122, a third dichroic mirror 123, a first reflective member 124, and a second reflective member 125.

In the first dichroic mirror 121, light in the red wavelength range (hereinafter referred to as “red light”) is transmitted, and light in the other wavelength ranges is reflected. In the second dichroic mirror 122, light in the green wavelength range (hereinafter referred to as “green light”) is reflected, and light in the other wavelength ranges is transmitted. In the third dichroic mirror 123, light in the blue wavelength range (hereinafter referred to as “blue light”) is reflected, and light in the other wavelength ranges is transmitted. The red light, the green light, and the blue light enter the image forming unit 130. A general plane reflector may be used instead of the third dichroic mirror 123.

The image forming unit 130 has a first display element 131, a second display element 132, and a third display element 133.

The first display element 131 is irradiated with red light through the first reflective member 124. The second display element 132 is irradiated with green light. The third display element 133 is irradiated with blue light through the second reflective member 125.

Here, an identical image is displayed on the first display element 131, the second display element 132, and the third display element 133. Thus, a red image is displayed on the first display element 131, a green image is displayed on the second display element 132, and a blue image is displayed on the third display element 133.

Lights emitted from the first display element 131, the second display element 132, and the third display element 133 enter the projection unit 140.

The projection unit 140 includes a dichroic prism 141 and a projection optical system 142.

Lights emitted from the first display element 131, the second display element 132, and the third display element 133 are combined in the dichroic prism 141. As described above, a red image, a green image, and a blue image are displayed in the image forming unit 130. The three images are combined by the dichroic prism 141.

The projection optical system 142 projects the combined three images to a predetermined position. For example, the single-focus optical system illustrated in any one of examples from first examples to fourth example above is used for this projection optical system 142.

The image forming unit 130 may be a light valve such as a digital micromirror device (DMD). In this case, light from the light source unit 110 is reflected by the light valve, and the image from the light valve is magnified and projected by the projection unit 140.

In the projector 100 thus configured, the single-focus optical system focal length lens of the present invention is employed as the projection optical system 142, whereby it is possible to project an image in a wide projection range with low noise at high resolution.

According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a single-focus optical system in which various aberrations are corrected favorably, while having a wide angle of view and a small F-number, and an optical apparatus using the same.

As it has been described above, the single-focus optical system according to the present invention is suitable for a single-focus optical system in which various aberrations are corrected favorably, while having a wide angle of view and a small F-number. Moreover, the optical apparatus according to the present invention is suitable for an image pickup apparatus which picks up an image over a wide photographing range, with a low noise, and a high resolution, and for a projection apparatus which projects an image over a wide projection range, with a low noise, and a high resolution. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A single-focus optical system which forms a conjugate relationship between a conjugate point on an enlargement side at a long distance and a conjugate point on a reduction side at a short distance, comprising in order from the enlargement side: a first lens unit; and a second lens unit having a positive refractive power, wherein: a lens component is one of a single lens and a cemented lens, and the first lens unit includes a reduction-side negative lens component which is disposed closest to the reduction side, and has a concave surface on the reduction side, and the first lens unit includes a enlargement-side lens component having a negative refractive power, closest to the enlargement side, and the first lens unit includes a cemented lens cemented in order from the enlargement side, a negative lens having concave surface on the enlargement side and a positive lens, and a shape of the cemented lens is a meniscus shape having a concave surface directed toward the enlargement side, and in addition, the total number of negative lens components in the first lens unit is not less than three, and the second lens unit includes in order from the enlargement side, a first positive lens, a second positive lens, a first negative lens, and a third positive lens, and all air spaces in the second lens unit are constant at a time of focusing.
 2. The single-focus optical system according to claim 1, wherein the second positive lens and the first negative lens are cemented mutually.
 3. The single-focus optical system according to claim 1, wherein: the first lens unit includes in order from the enlargement side, a first sub-unit and a second sub-unit, and all lens components in the second sub-unit include negative lens components.
 4. The single-focus optical system according to claim 1, wherein: the first lens unit includes in order from the enlargement side, a first sub-unit and a second sub-unit, and all lens components in the second sub-unit include negative lens components, and the second sub-unit includes a negative lens component of a meniscus shape having a concave surface directed toward the reduction side.
 5. The single-focus optical system according to claim 1, wherein: the first lens unit includes in order from the enlargement side, a first sub-unit and a second sub-unit, and all lens components in the second sub-unit include negative lens components, and focusing is carried out by moving the second sub-unit on an optical axis.
 6. The single-focus optical system according to claim 5, wherein: the second sub-unit includes only the reduction-side negative lens component, and the following conditional expression (5) is satisfied: 0.80<SF₁₆<4.0  (5) where, SF₁₆=(R_(F16)+R_(R16))/(R_(F16)−R_(R16)), and here R_(F16) denotes a radius of curvature of an enlargement-side surface of the reduction-side negative lens component in the second sub-unit, and R_(R16) denotes a radius of curvature of a reduction-side surface of the reduction-side negative lens component in the second sub-unit.
 7. The single-focus optical system according to claim 1, wherein: the first lens unit includes in order from the enlargement side, a first sub-unit and a second sub-unit, and the first sub-unit includes a reduction-side positive lens component closest to the reduction side, and all lens components in the second sub-unit include negative lens components.
 8. The single-focus optical system according to claim 1, wherein: the first lens unit includes in order from the enlargement side, a first sub-unit and a second sub-unit, and all lens components in the second sub-unit include negative lens components, and at the time of focusing, a distance between the first sub-unit and the second sub-unit, and a distance between the second sub-unit and the second lens unit change.
 9. The single-focus optical system according to claim 8, wherein the first sub-unit and the second lens unit are fixed at the time of focusing.
 10. The single-focus optical system according to claim 8, wherein: the second sub-unit includes the reduction-side negative lens component, and the reduction-side negative lens component in the second sub-unit is a single lens, and in a rectangular coordinate system in which a horizontal axis is let to be Nd_(1NR) and a vertical axis is let to be vd_(1NR), when a straight line represented by Nd_(1NR)=α×vd_(1NR)+β_(1NR), where, α=−0.01, Nd_(1NR) and vd_(1NR) for the reduction-side negative lens component in the second sub-unit are included in both of an area determined by a straight line when a lower limit value of a range of the following conditional expression (14) is β_(1NR)=2.15, and an area determined by the following conditional expressions (15) and (16): 2.15≤β_(1NR)  (14), 1.45<Nd_(1NR)  (15), and 25<vd_(1NR)  (16) where, Nd_(1NR) denotes a refractive index of the reduction-side negative lens component in the second sub-unit, and vd_(1NR) denotes Abbe number for the reduction-side negative lens component in the second sub-unit.
 11. The single-focus optical system according to claim 1, wherein: the first lens unit includes in order from the enlargement side, a first sub-unit and a second sub-unit, and the enlargement-side negative lens component is a single lens, and all lens components in the second sub-unit include negative lens components.
 12. The single-focus optical system according to claim 11, wherein the following conditional expression (1) is satisfied: 0.75<SF₁₁<3.5  (1) where, SF₁₁=(R_(F11)+R_(R11))/(R_(F11)−R_(R11)), and here R_(F11) denotes a radius of curvature of an enlargement-side surface of the enlargement-side lens component, and R_(R11) denotes a radius of curvature of a reduction-side surface of the enlargement-side lens component.
 13. The single-focus optical system according to claim 1, wherein: the first lens unit includes in order from the enlargement side, a first sub-unit and a second sub-unit, and the first sub-unit includes the cemented lens, and all lens components in the second sub-unit include negative lens components.
 14. The single-focus optical system according to claim 13, further comprising: a reduction-side lens component on the enlargement side of the cemented lens in the first sub-unit, wherein: a shape of the reduction-side lens component is a meniscus shape having a convex surface directed toward the enlargement side, and the following conditional expression (2) is satisfied: 1.4<SF₁₂<15  (2) where, SF₁₂=(R_(F12)+R_(R12))/(R_(F12)−R_(R12)), and here R_(F12) denotes a radius of curvature of an enlargement-side surface of the reduction-side lens component, and R_(R12) denotes a radius of curvature of a reduction-side surface of the reduction-side lens component.
 15. The single-focus optical system according to claim 13, wherein the following conditional expression (3) is satisfied: −15<SF₁₃<−2.0  (3) where, SF₁₃=(R_(F13)+R_(R13))/(R_(F13)−R_(R13)), and here R_(F13) denotes a radius of curvature of an enlargement-side surface of the cemented lens in the first sub-unit, and R_(R13) denotes a radius of curvature of a reduction-side surface of the cemented lens in the first sub-unit.
 16. The single-focus optical system according to claim 1, wherein: the first lens unit includes in order from the enlargement side, a first sub-unit and a second sub-unit, and the first sub-unit includes the cemented lens and a reduction-side lens component, and the reduction-side lens component is disposed adjacent to the cemented lens in the first sub-unit, on the enlargement side of the cemented lens in the first sub-unit, and a shape of the reduction-side lens component is a meniscus shape having a convex surface directed toward the enlargement side, and all lens components in the second sub-unit include negative lens components.
 17. The single-focus optical system according to claim 1, wherein: the first lens includes in order from the enlargement side, a first sub-unit and a second sub-unit, and the second sub-unit includes only the reduction-side negative lens component.
 18. The single-focus optical system according to claim 1, wherein: the first lens unit includes in order from the enlargement side, a first sub-unit and a second sub-unit, and the first sub-unit includes in order from the enlargement side, the cemented lens and a plurality of positive lens components, and the plurality of positive lens components is all positive lens components that are adjacent, and all lens components in the second sub-unit include negative lens components.
 19. The single-focus optical system according to claim 18, wherein: the plurality of positive lens components includes a front-side positive lens component which is positioned closest to the enlargement side, and a rear-side positive lens component which is positioned closest to the reduction side, and the following conditional expression (4) is satisfied: 0.10<SF₁₄−SF₁₅<7.0  (4) where, SF₁₄=(R_(F14)+R_(R14))/(R_(F14)−R_(R14)), and SF₁₅=(R_(F15)+R_(R15))/(R_(F15)−R_(R15)), and here R_(F14) denotes a radius of curvature of an enlargement-side surface of the front-side positive lens component, R_(R14) denotes a radius of curvature of a reduction-side surface of the front-side positive lens component, R_(F15) denotes a radius of curvature of an enlargement-side surface of the rear-side positive lens component, and R_(R15) denotes a radius of curvature of a reduction-side surface of the rear-side positive lens component.
 20. The single-focus optical system according to claim 1, wherein: the first lens unit includes in order from the enlargement side, a first sub-unit and a second sub-unit, and the first sub-unit includes a reduction-side positive lens component closest to the reduction side, and the reduction-side positive lens component is a single lens, and all lens components in the second sub-unit include negative lens components, and in a rectangular coordinate system in which a horizontal axis is let to be Nd_(1PR) and a vertical axis is let to be vd_(1PR), when a straight line represented by Nd_(1PR)=α×vd_(1PR)+β_(1PR), where, α=−0.01, Nd_(1PR) and vd_(1PR) for the reduction-side positive lens component are included in both of an area determined by a straight line when a lower limit value of a range of the following conditional expression (11) is β_(1PR)=2.25, and an area determined by the following conditional expressions (12) and (13): 2.25≤β_(1PR)  (11), 1.40<Nd_(1PR)  (12), and 35<vd_(1PR)  (13) where, Nd_(1PR) denotes a refractive index of the reduction-side positive lens component, and vd_(1PR) denotes Abbe number for the reduction-side positive lens component.
 21. The single-focus optical system according to claim 1, wherein the enlargement-side lens component in the first lens unit satisfies the following conditional expression (A): 0<f/e _(N1F)<2  (A) where, f denotes a focal length of the overall single-focus optical system at the time of focusing to an object at infinity, and e_(N1F) denotes a maximum effective aperture of the enlargement-side lens component in the first lens unit.
 22. The single-focus optical system according to claim 1, further comprising: an aperture stop, wherein the following conditional expression (B) is satisfied: 0<(f/e _(AS))/Fno<2  (B) where, f denotes a focal length of the overall single-focus optical system at the time of focusing to an object at infinity, e_(AS) denotes a maximum diameter of the aperture stop, and Fno denotes an F-number for the overall single-focus optical system at the time of focusing to an object at infinity.
 23. The single-focus optical system according to claim 1, wherein the following conditional expression (C) is satisfied: 0<T _(air) _(_) _(max) /Σd≤0.27  (C) where, T_(air) _(_) _(max) is a largest axial air space in the range from a surface positioned closest to the enlargement side to a surface positioned closest to the reduction side in the single-focus optical system, and Σd is an axial distance from the surface positioned closest to the enlargement side to the surface positioned closest to the reduction side in the single-focus optical system.
 24. An optical apparatus comprising: an optical system; and an image pickup element which is disposed on a reduction side, wherein: the image pickup element has an image pickup surface, and converts an image formed on the image pickup surface by the optical system to an electric signal, and the optical system is the single-focus optical system according to claim
 1. 25. An optical apparatus comprising: an optical system; and a display element which is disposed on a reduction side, wherein: the display element has a display surface, and an image displayed on the display surface is projected on the enlargement side by the optical system, and the optical system is the single-focus optical system according to claim
 1. 